Some are film noir but give me the same nightmarish, confused feeling. Some might have been listed already:
Detour (1945)
Tormented (1960)
Eye of the Devil (1967)
I Bury the Living (1958)
Fear in the Night (1947)
Kiss Me Deadly (1955) ~ some portions
Possessed (1947) ~ especially her breakdown
The Beast with Five Fingers (1946) ~ It's rather a shame about the very end of the film.
I agree about Val Lewton:
Cat People
The Leopard Man
Isle of the Dead
The Seventh Victim
I Walked with a Zombie
The Curse of the Cat People
EDIT: This is much later and is obscure; I've seen it only a couple of times but keep thinking that I should suggest it: Delusion (1981) starring Patricia Pearcy and Joseph Cotten.
(W)hat are we without our dreams?
Making sure our fantasies
Do not overpower our realities. ~ RC

Dementia 13
Abominable Dr. Phibes.
++++++
Love means never having to say you're ugly. - The Abominable Dr. Phibes

Seconds (1966)
so many movies, so little time

I watched this film for the first time last night on yourtub because it had a better than 7 rating. At first it seemed confusing with pasted together scenes like David Lynch films;
Lost Highway
and
Mulholland Drive
, but his work is newer and with a bigger budget. Lynch may have been influenced by this film because it is surreal and cyclic. When the psychiatrist told Mary
It has only been a week since your car went into the river
it began to feel like a longer version of any number of Twilight Zone episodes.
I agree with
Night of the Living Dead
(1968) being closest due to the zombie like souls/ghosts in this film.
For sheer creepiness, a couple of other posters listed
Night Of The Hunter
(1955) and
The Shining
(1980) but is newer than what the OP was asking.
No one on this thread has mentioned
Invasion Of The Body Snatchers
(1956) with Kevin McCarthy and Dana Wynter. Genuinely terrifying and the 1978 remake is almost as good.
The Blob
(1958) is also in the low budget category, but it's 1988 remake is awful.

Books and movies are usually better than real life.